The report presents a comprehensive analysis of research and innovation (R&I) in connected and automated transport in Europe in recent years, focusing on European Union (EU) funded projects. It identifies progress in several thematic fields and technologies, while highlighting the policy context and market activities in Europe and beyond. The analysis is divided into five sub-themes, each one addressing challenges and findings across modes, including multi-modal transport. Main findings on the R&I related to the five sub-themes are presented below:
on-board equipment Most projects covered by the analysis are at the early stages of development, at basic research. Therefore, many of the projects have set the foundation for further development.
connectivity and safety Projects that show deeper integration between fully or partially automated vehicles and connectivity with infrastructure, other vehicles and other connected devices and users (V2X) should be encouraged; especially those can have a positive impact on safety.
supporting infrastructure Some projects have researched the role of physical infrastructure in facilitating connected and automated transport. Since there are relatively few projects under this sub-theme that utilise data to improve physical infrastructure design with connected vehicles in mind, this could be an area for further research.
socio-economic impacts and human factors For several road transport projects, the research is based on the development of Apps. Future research should ensure that the latest state-of-the-art data sources and data processing techniques are used, as well as facilitating largescale trials and pilots.
large scale testing. Safety and security are an underlying theme of the majority of demonstration projects. Therefore, it would be beneficial to build upon the research undertaken by previous European-funded projects, as well as working alongside the private sector, to ensure that research is being optimised and to dissuade the development of repetitive projects, which do not establish a step change in the field.
Altogether, this report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of CAT R&I across Europe. The findings and the insights into the current R&I status and future needs, help the European Commission and the STRIA working group to better identify and prioritise R&I activities and provides valuable information to connected and automated transport stakeholders.
Relation with other roadmaps and plans: This report on research and innovation in connected and automated transport in Europe is one of the seven reports that support the implementation of the STRIA roadmaps. The TRIMIS team is consolidating and expanding the data repository to better assess R&I efforts of projects not funded by the EU or Member States. As part of this effort, information on patents and publications will be added. TRIMIS will continue to provide support to STRIA and, based on its research, provide recommendations to policymakers.
This roadmap gathered information in several open workshops with road authorities and operators, with the L3pilot project, with external experts in the field of cost and benefits considering the operational design domain, and with European Commission representatives. Stakeholders, road authorities and operators, have already been considering their position on automation, on different levels, in several initiatives. This is a continuous effort since the field of automation is constantly evolving. This roadmap document is part of this continuous effort and focuses on findings/efforts and a direction for future work within the following topics: Impact on and role of physical and digital infrastructure, with a specific focus on the concept of Operational Design Domain (ODD)Cost and benefits of automation for road authorities and operators The document provides a list of 45 actions and recommendations many of which at least need to be addressed by road authorities/operators. For each action information is provided on other stakeholders involved, resources needed (money, time, power, cooperation, …) and timing (short term: next 3 years, medium term: next 10 years, long term: > 10 years). The emphasis is clearly in learning more about the developments and evolution of higher level (SAE 3-4) automated driving including the related ODD requirements. Goal is to be prepared for automated driving, have influence on the development so that road network operation does not suffer but rather improves, avoid excessive investments in vain, and to reap the potential benefits as soon as possible. It is premature to commence deployments unless road authorities and operators are certain that the solutions invested in will not become obsolete in the short term. Some of the short-term actions, can be carried out with no regrets as they will benefit the road network operations already today and involving human-operated vehicles. Such relate to, for instance, provision of data in digital form, digitalisation of key processes, implementing cybersecurity, and provision of connectivity of the physical and digital infrastructure. The actions and recommendations should be taken further by the road authorities and other stakeholders. Especially a structured dialogue between the road authorities/operators and the automated driving industry is considered important. It would be advisable to converge the large number of roadmap activities in Europe towards a smaller number of dedicated work streams.
Road Automation is progressing fast. This phenomenon takes advantage of both existing and emerging cooperative Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and In-Vehicle System (IVS) sensor functionalities. Advancements in automatisation, i.e. deployment of automation, are proceeding by integration of the technologies above. The Ministry of Transport and Communication has emphasised that Finland is in the forefront in preparing for and utilising automated traffic.
This document describes the study and design processes used. The study methodology was composed of a concise literature review, expert discussions, working sessions, and stakeholder and authority workshops as well as of the editors’ own experience and knowledge of the domain. The design methodology was based on a phased work on various themes. During the first phase the knowledge gaps, which were identified during the literature review and expert discussions, were discussed in depth. Based on the results, specific action cards were developed and drafted. The action cards contained the title and generic use case and contents descriptions. The various draft versions of the action cards, with the detailed activities included, were thoroughly discussed in the project and the steering group meetings as well as in the stakeholder and administrative entity workshops. The final action cards contain information on detailed activities to be taken, the proposed agency in charge of the coordination of the action with the nominated supporting entities, and scheduled timing of the action and its activities, as well as drafted estimations of resources and budgetary reservations needed for the implementation. The action cards were finalised in the project group and approved by the steering group.
In order to proceed with planning and implementation of the action cards they were divided into five domains. The domains are: infrastructure, road superstructure and equipment, vehicle systems, services and functions, and driver.
The purpose of the action cards is to combine the related transport authority activities and resource needs for guidance to be used in the next few years. The detailed information has been presented to the authorities for their planning and implementation processes. This document provides an overall summary of the results.
During the first two years of the study period, 2016–2017, it is suggested to launch a total of 114 individual actions, either as part of an existing project, as combined to form a larger new project or as stand-alone projects.
Short version of “Roadmap – Digitalisation of the Road Transport System for the Years 2022–2030”1 (complete roadmap available in Swedish only).
The purpose of the roadmap is to identify important steps and apply measures to more readily benefit from the opportunities that digitalisation offers. The roadmap indicates proposed measures and areas where the Swedish Transport Administration either leads or participates in the development, or considers there to be development potential in order to meet the transport policy objectives and Goals 2030 – Accessibility in a Sustainable Society.
The Swedish Transport Administration has outlined a roadmap for digitalizing the nation’s road transport system. The primary goal is to enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This involves optimizing traffic flows, improving travel routes, and supporting broader transport policy objectives.
Key benefits of digitalization include advanced driver assistance systems, connected, autonomous vehicles, real-time traffic information, and data-driven decision-making.
To achieve these goals, the roadmap focuses on four enabling focus areas: physical road infrastructure, connectivity and communication, data exchange formats, and data and information volumes.
Collaboration among various stakeholders is crucial for successful implementation. The Swedish Transport Administration is actively working to define its role and responsibilities within the new digitalized system. This includes exploring changes in information management and sharing.
Challenges and considerations include business models, standardization, regulations, and security.
The roadmap outlines 30 applications of digitalization across four areas: resource-efficient planning, connected road maintenance, efficient, safe, and sustainable contracting, and future road traffic management.
Ultimately, the goal is to gradually develop solutions that can be used in planning and managing road infrastructure. Collaboration with other actors is essential, and the Swedish Transport Administration aims to facilitate this through research, innovation, and dialogue.
This roadmap explains the key benefits and the different levels of automated driving (including autonomous driving and assisted driving), as well as all the associated terminology, in a clear and visual way. In addition, this roadmap also provides a checklist for policy makers which details the legislative framework that must be put in place at the international, EU and national level.
Moreover, it contains a timeline setting out the next steps that must be undertaken over the coming years in order to enable the deployment of automated vehicles on Europe’s roads in the near future.
In June 2020 ACEA published a discussion paper, which intends to convey joint messages and think paths from the vehicle manufacturers in view of a dialogue with the road authorities, road operators and cities. As vehicles and roads are partners in the transport ecosystem, a hybrid approach is preferred: Vehicles adapt to the existing road environment and can rely on onboard technology while roads adapt to high levels of automation including reengineering (physical and digital) where needed. Consistency between on-board vehicle capabilities, physical infrastructure characteristics and support from the digital infrastructure is needed. Minimum physical and digital requirements for road infrastructure are welcomed assets for automated vehicles. European standardisation and governance can be crucial here. The cost factor and longer implementation cycle of such adaptations of the infrastructure play a significant role, hence a step by step but phased approach must be implemented.
V2I/I2V connectivity can contribute to safety such as the feed of predictive traffic situations with blind spots and out of sight situations.
The development of HD maps has to be considered in a holistic public and private approach. The role of the different stakeholders has to be defined in order to assure a clear contribution to the common good while at the same time guaranteeing a competitive market.
This roadmap relates to the ACEA Discussion Paper: Roads of the future for automated driving (2020/06)
The Safety Assessment for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in Canada is a voluntary tool to help ADS developers review the safety of vehicles equipped with SAE level 3 to 5 ADS features, which they intend to manufacture, import, operate and/or sell in Canada.
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