Glossary

Interested in how terms are related or do you wish to export a list based on certain contexts? Please take a look at the taxonomy for CCAM here.

Term	Definition
Abstract scenario	Abstract scenario is the formalized, declarative description derived from a functional scenario.
Acceleration value	Acceleration value measures the rate at which a vehicle’s velocity increases at a specific point in time, expressed as the rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
Acquired data	Acquired data are all data collected during the study for the sole purpose of the analysis.
Action	Action is the behaviour or act that is executed by any actor in a scenario.
Active safety system	Active safety systems are vehicle systems that sense and monitor conditions inside and outside the vehicle for the purpose of identifying perceived present and potential dangers to the vehicle, occupants, and/or other road users.
Actor	Actor is the entity with the capability to act and react in a scenario.
Adaptive cruise control	Adaptive cruise control is a system that attempts to maintain the vehicle at a driver-selected target speed and following distance, using sensors and actuators to regulate vehicle speed.
Administrative metadata	Administrative metadata set the conditions for accessing the data and how access is to be implemented.
ADS feature	Automated Driving System (ADS) feature means an application of automated driving system hardware and software designed for a specific use within an operational design domain.
ADS function	Automated Driving System (ADS) function means an application of automated driving system hardware and software designed to perform a specific portion of the DDT.
ADS-dedicated vehicle	ADS-dedicated vehicle is the ADS-equipped vehicle designed for only driverless operation for complete trips.
ADS-equipped vehicle	ADS-equipped vehicle refers to vehicle integrated with an ADS.
Advanced driver assistance system	Advanced driver assistance system is the entity consisting of interdependent components that supports human drivers by performing a part of the dynamic driving task, by assisting human drivers to drive safely, by intervening to prevent an unsafe situation from developing or by providing safety relevant information and warnings.
Advanced emergency braking system	Advanced emergency braking system is the vehicle system that uses sensors and computer processing to detect when the ego vehicle could collide with an object in its path and applies the brakes automatically attempting to mitigate or avoid the collision, even if the driver takes no action.
Aggregated data	Aggregated data refers to using relations between segments, reduced data (e.g., segment attributes) are typically aggregated into smaller, more usable tables, suitable for data analysis or data interpretation.
Agreement-seeking cooperation	Agreement-seeking cooperation [among CDA device agents] (CLASS C) refers to a sequence of collaborative messages among specific CDA devices intended to influence local planning of specific DDT-related actions. (“Let’s do this together.”)
Approaching vehicle	Approaching vehicle is an equipped vehicle whose trajectory will or may intersect the host vehicle as the host vehicle maintains its own trajectory.
Artificial Intelligence	Artificial Intelligence refers to the research and development of mechanisms and applications of AI systems.
Artificial intelligence agent	Artificial intelligence agent is the automated entity that senses and responds to its environment and takes actions to achieve its goals.
Artificial intelligence component	Artificial intelligence component is the functional element that constructs an AI system.
Artificial intelligence system	Artificial intelligence system is the engineered system that generates outputs such as content, forecasts, recommendations or decisions for a given set of human-defined objectives.
Assessment	Assessment is the undertaking of an investigation in order to arrive at a judgement, based on evidence, of the suitability of a product.
Audit	Audit refers to a systematic and independent examination to determine whether the procedures specific to the requirements of a product comply with the planned arrangements, are implemented effectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives.
Automated-automation-automatic	Automated-automation-automatic refers to pertaining to a process or system that, under specified conditions, functions without human intervention.
Automated driving system	Automated driving system refers to hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis in a specific operational design domain (ODD). ADS is used specifically to describe a Level 3, 4, or 5 driving automation system.
Automated lane keeping system	Automated lane keeping system is hardware and software for motorway application activated by a human driver within its operational design domain.
Automated mobility	Automated mobility refers to replacing the driver in a vehicle for dynamic driving tasks (braking, steering, environment monitoring, etc).
Automated vehicle	Automated vehicle refers to a vehicle fitted with an automated driving system (ADS) that uses both hardware and software to perform dynamic driving tasks associated with moving the vehicle within a defined operational design domain (ODD).
Autonomy-autonomous	Autonomy-autonomous refers to characteristic of a system that is capable of modifying its intended domain of use or goal without external intervention, control or oversight.
Business-to-consumer mobility sharing app	Business-to-consumer mobility sharing app is the mobility app that assists a transport user in acquiring a transport service from a specific business.
Back office	A back office is an infrastructure element that consumes data from, or provides data to, the roadside Infrastructure or other devices capable of V2X communications (e.g., vehicles).
Baseline	Baseline is the initial state or condition, against which subsequent altered conditions are compared to assess impact.
Bicyclist	Bicyclist is the person who rides a bicycle: a two-wheeled vehicle that is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals.
Bikesharing service	Bikesharing service is the shared vehicle service that shares bicycles.
Black box	Black box refers to a system, algorithm, or process whose internal workings are hidden or not transparent to the user or observer, in the context of data and technology. This lack of transparency means that you may not have insight into how the system processes data or makes decisions, making it difficult to understand or interpret its actions.
Bus	Bus is the motor vehicle which, because of its design and appointments, is intended for carrying persons and luggage, and which has more than nine seating places, including the driving seat.
Calibration data	Calibration data refers to the data that will be applied as software parameter values after the software build in the development process. Calibration data does not contain executable or interpretable code.
Carriageway	Carriageway is the contiguous area of roadway along a road segment.
Carsharing service	Carsharing service is the shared vehicle service that shares passenger cars.
CCAM system description	CCAM system description is the specification of the characteristics, capabilities, functionalities, and limitations of the system or service under evaluation.
CDA cooperation classes	CDA cooperation classes refer to classes of cooperation facilitated by machine to machine communications among CDA devices that may influence DDT performance and traffic operations, defined as Classes A through D based on the increasing amount of cooperation entailed in each successive class.
CDA device	CDA device refers to a device equipped with requisite machine to machine communication technology that is used by traffic participants to perform CDA features.
CDA device agent	CDA device agent is a traffic particpant that authorizes its CDA device to send and receive communications enabling traffic participants to engage in CDA, and authorizes CDA-related actions.
CDA driver support feature	CDA driver support feature refers to a Level 1 or 2 driving automation system capable of utilizing CDA. (Refer to SAE J3016 for additional information about driving automation systems.)
CDA feature	CDA feature is the design-specific functionality supported or enabled by machine to machine cooperation among CDA devices communicating with a C-ADS engaging in CDA.
Certificate authority	Certificate authority is a back office infrastructure element which interacts with the host vehicle and the RSU to enter into a dialog with the host vehicle and provide certification services. A primary goal of the CA is to manage the collection of certificates for V2X devices.
Cloudiness value	Cloudiness value refers to the sky being covered with clouds or having a lot of clouds.
Concrete scenario	Concrete scenario is the scenario depicted with explicit parameters values, describing physical attributes.
Confined areas	Confined areas typically have the surrounding under control with perimeter protection and gates to prevent un-authorized entry of vehicles and people.
Connected and automated vehicle	Connected and automated vehicle refers to automated vehicle equipped with communications technology that enables data transfer with other vehicles, infrastructure or other networks.
Connected mobility	Connected mobility refers to a service provider using telecommunication services (mostly driven by cllular technologies, cloud service provision and web applications today) to bring information inside the vehicle, or collecting vehicle data information to support mobility services (including services such shared driving, mobility as a service, insurance, remote diagnostics, charging stations).
Connected vehicle	Connected vehicle refers to vehicle equipped with wireless communications technology that enables data transfer with other vehicles, infrastructure or other network.
Connectivity	Connectivity indicates the ability of a vehicle to receive data from and/or transmit data to an external system to determine positioning or to communicate with other vehicles and the wider infrastructure.
Contextual data	Contextual data is all information which doesn’t change during the study but helps explain the observations or document their values.
Controllability	Controllability refers to ability to avoid a specified harm or damage through the timely reactions of the persons involved, possibly with support from external measures.
Control strategy	Control strategy means a strategy to ensure robust and safe operation of the ADS in response to a specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions (such as road surface condition, other road users, adverse weather conditions, imminent collision risk, failures, reaching ODD boundaries, etc.). This may include temporary performance restrictions (e.g. a reduction in the maximum operating speed, etc.), MRM manoeuvres, collision avoidance or mitigation, remote intervention, etc.
Conventional vehicle	Conventional vehicle is a vehicle designed to be operated by an in-vehicle driver during part or all of every trip.
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control	Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system is an enhancement to the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system by the addition of wireless communication with preceding vehicles and/or the infrastructure to augment the ACC active sensing capability.
Cooperative intelligent transport system	Cooperative intelligent transport system is the subset of overall ITS that communicates and shares information between ITS stations to give advice or facilitate actions with the objective of improving safety, sustainability, efficiency and comfort beyond the scope of stand-alone systems.
Cooperative mobility	Cooperative mobility is sharing information on the road and traffic conditions around the road users (today mostly driven by Day 1 C-ITS services based on short-range communication). It does not necessarily include a service provider.
Connected cooperative and automated mobility	Connected cooperative and automated mobility is an umbrella term of intelligent mobility, Intelligent Transport Systems and Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems.
Cooperative driving automation	Cooperative driving automation refers to automation that uses machine to machine communication to enable cooperation among two or more entities with capable communications technology and is intended to facilitate the safer, more efficient movement of road users, including enhacing performance of the DDT for a vehicle with driving automation feature(s) engaged.
Cooperative automated driving system	Cooperative automated driving system (C-ADS) refers to an ADS capable of utilizing CDA.
Cooperative automated driving system-equipped vehicle	Cooperative automated driving system (C-ADS)-equipped vehicle refers to a vehicle equipped with Level 3, 4, or 5 driving automation and capable of utilizing CDA.
Cooperative-ITS environment	Cooperative-ITS environment is the communications environment that enables ITS stations to communicate with other ITS stations using whatever communications networks are available at their current locations and if ncessary to seemlessly switch between networks as their locations change.
Courier network service	Courier network service is the commercial, peer-to-peer shared transport service that transports goods.
Crash avoidance features	Crash avoidance features is, including intervention-type active safety systems, may be included in vehicles equipped with driving automation systems at any level. For ADS-equipped vehicles (i.e., Levels 3 to 5) that perform the complete DDT, crash avoidance capability is part of ADS functionality.
Current operational domain	Current operational domain is the specific set of operating conditions which exists presently in the immediate vicinity of an ADS, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.
Curvature	Curvature refers to the degree to which a curve deviates from a straight line, or a curved surface deviates from a plane.
Curve	The curve which consists of a single arc of a circle of which two straight tangents further connects and brings about a deflection of the road.
C-V2X	C-V2X is a communication technology with and between vehicles, infrastructure and/or pedestrian devices using 4G and 5G cellular chipsets.
Data	Data is defined as ‘any facts, statistics or digital material whose value might be used during analysis and impact its result’.
Data anonymization	Data anonymization refers to the process of removing or modifying the identifying variables contained in the dataset.
Data collection	Data collection is the gathering of real-world or simulated, objective or subjective data and/or information for the evaluation.
Data consumer	Data consumer refers to a participant that receives data in the form of a Data Product. The data is used for query, analysis, reporting or any other data processing.
Data creator	The Data creator creates data, e.g. by generating data such as from a sensor or accessing data in backend IT systems.
Data flow	Data flow is the representation of data flowing between two processes or between a process and a terminator.
Data intermediary	Data Intermediary is a platform operator that assumes mainly the data-related basic roles Data Provider/Data Consumer and Metadata Broker.
Data owners	Data owners are the people ultimately responsible for the data and information collected and maintained by his or her department or division. They are usually a member of senior management, and can also be line-of-business managers, division heads, or the equivalent. If the data resides and is primarily in use within their group, they own it. The aim is for data owners to provide an additional layer of context for classification, such as third-party agreements, which some of today’s automated tools can’t do yet.
Data provider	Data provider refers to an individual, a household, enterprise, administration or any other respondent which directly or indirectly provides statistical data and/or reference metadata to the statistical authorities.
Data service provider	Data service providers act as intermediaries between businesses and consumers, providing a range of services to facilitate the transfer of data between these two parties.
Data specification & tools	Data specification and tools is the defining and identifying of the types of data required and the tools used for processing and storing the data for the evaluation.
Data user	Data user refers to a natural or legal person/organisation who has lawful access to certain personal or non-personal data and is authorised to use that data for commercial or noncommercial purposes.
DDT fallback-ready user	DDT fallback-ready user refers to the user of a vehicle equipped with an engaged Level 3 ADS feature who is properly qualified and able to operate the vehicle and is receptive to ADS-issued requests to intervene and to evident DDT performance-relevant system failures in the vehicle compelling him or her to perform the DDT fallback.
DDT performance-relevant system failure	DDT performance-relevant system failure is the malfunction in a vehicle system that prevents the driving automation system from reliably performing its portion of the DDT on a sustained basis.
Deceleration value	Deceleration value measures the rate at which a vehicle’s velocity decreases at a specific point in time, expressed as the rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
Dedicated short range communication	Dedicated short range communication is one or two-way short to medium range wireless communications using a corresponding set of protocols and standards designed for automotive use.
Demonstration	Demonstration refers to an act of showing or explaining how something works or is done, e.g. of automated vehicles.
Derived data	Derived data are data created as a result of processing that involves steps other than or in addition to direct retrieval and validation of information from raw data.
Descriptive metadata	Descriptive metadata describe each individual category of data, including information about its origin and quality.
Distance to stop line	Distance to stop line is the distance from the vehicle’s front to the next stop line in the vehicle’s planned path applying comfort deceleration and jerk values).
Distance to subject vehicle	Distance to subject vehicle refers to the distance from an object to the vehicle being analysed or tested (ego-vehicle).
Down Time	Down Time is the time interval during which a product is in a down state.
Drivable area edge	The drivable area edge is delimited by the lane markings, shoulder or other barriers placed on the road.
Drivable area surface	Drivable area surface  defines the operating area surface type and its features.
Driver	Driver is a user who performs in real time part or all of the DDT and/or DDT fallback for a particular vehicle.
Driver support feature	Driver support features is a general term for Level 1 and Level 2 driving automation system features.
Driverless operation dispatcher	Driverless operation dispatcher is a user(s) who dispatches an ADS-equipped vehicle(s) in driverless operation.
Driving automation	Driving automation is the performance by hardware/software systems of part or all of the DDT on a sustained basis.
Driving automation fallback	Driving automation fallback is the driving automation response by a person to perform the DDT or by an ADS to achieve a minimal risk condition when the response is triggered upon violation of the defined operational design domain constraints or in response to a DDT performance-relevant driving automation system failure.
Driving automation system	Driving automation system refers to the hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing part or all of the dynamic driving task on a sustained basis.
Driving automation system feature	Driving automation system feature is a Level 1-5 driving automation system’s design-specific functionality at a given level of driving automation within a particular ODD, if applicable.
Driving behaviour	The driving behaviour impact area addresses the driving dynamics of a single vehicle by examining its longitudinal and lateral movements, the associated decision-making processes and the interaction with the environment and other traffic participants.
Driving dynamics	Driving dynamics describes the longitudinal and lateral movements of a single vehicle. It results from decisions made by the driver of the ADS in interaction with vehicle, environment and surrounding road users.
Driving scenario	Driving scenario is a short period of driving defined by its main driving task (e.g. car following, lane change) or triggered by an event (e.g. an obstacle in the lane).
Driving space	Driving space is the area above the roadway that is primarily designed for the movement of vehicles.
Dual-mode vehicle	Dual-mode vehicles refer to fully automated vehicles with a driver seat designed and constructed:
Dynamic driving task	The dynamic driving task means all of the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a vehicle in on-road traffic, excluding strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints.
Dynamic driving task fallback	Dynamic driving task fallback is the response by the user to either perform the DDT or achieve a minimal risk condition after occurrence of a DDT performance-relevant system failure(s), or Some Level 3 features upon operational design domain (ODD) exit, or the response by an ADS to achieve minimal risk condition, given the same circumstances.
Dynamic driving task performance	Dynamic driving task performance refers to the feature performs the complete DDT while functioning normally and within its ODD, if any, under routine/normal operating conditions for the ADS feature.
Dynamic element	Dynamic element refers to all movable objects and actors with which the automated vehicle interacts in the ODD within the DDT timeframe.
Electronic stability control	Electronic stability control is the vehicle system that continuously monitors steering and vehicle direction and compares intended direction to the vehicle’s actual direction and intervenes by applying the brakes independently to each of the wheels to correct loss of control much faster than a typical human driver.
Emergency lane keeping	Emergency lane keeping vehicle system that attempts to prevent the vehicle from crossing a lane marking into a lane where there is an obstruction or risk of collision, irrespective of whether the human driver has operated the direction indicator.
Emergency manoeuver	Emergency manoeuver is a manoeuver performed by the system in case of an event in which the vehicle is at imminent collision risk and has the purpose of avoiding or mitigating a collision.(UN Reg 157 at 2.8)
Emergency operation	Emergency operation means the ADS operation due to the occurrence of events requiring prompt action to mitigate adverse consequences on human health or property damage.
Employment	Employment is the work that is available in a country or area.
Enabling CDA feature	Enabling CDA feature is a CDA feature capable of promoting cooperation among traffic participants intended to facilitate the performance of actions by road users and road operators that they would otherwise not be able to perform.
Energy and environment	The energy and environment impact area addresses the overall efficiency and environmental impact of the CCAM system or service under study by examining the energy consumption, emissions, resource utilization, environmental quality, and ecological footprint.
Energy use	Energy use is measured with total energy demand per vehicle kilometers travelled.
Entity	Entity is the element of interest in a scenario.
Environment	Environment is defined by the indicators: emissions, energy use, air soil, water quality, noise, vibrations, use of space and life cycle analysis of materials use.
Environmental condition	Environmental condition is the weather or another atmospheric condition and other conditions of the environment which are not defined as scenery elements (as well as information technology connectivity).
Equality	Equality means each individual or group of people is given the same resources and opportunities, regardless of their circumstances.
Equipped vehicle	Equipped vehicles refer to vehicles equipped with the device(s) that provide the role of an ITS-station in the C-ITS context, e.g., an OBU.
Equity	The equity impact area addresses the fairness, impartiality, and inclusivity of the CCAM system or service under study by examining how impacts are distributed across different population groups, regions or generations.
Evaluation	Evaluation is the systematic process to research the amount, value, quality or consequences of an aspect related to a CCAM system or service and its use.
Evaluation area	An evaluation area is a high-level category for fields of study addressed under evaluation activities.
Evaluation execution	Evaluation execution is the process of carrying out the evaluation plan to obtain results.
Evaluation methods	Evaluation methods is the specification of the analytical and procedural approaches of the evaluation.
Evaluation plan	Evaluation plan is the detailed description of the scope, methodology, and objectives of the investigation.
Event	Event is the relevant state change of an entity within a scenario.
Experiment	An experiment is a series of test runs, trips or simulations, to collect data in relation to the research question.
Experimental design	Experimental design is the structured plan or strategy deviced to conduct systematic experiments for the evaluation.
Experimental procedure	Experimental procedure is the step by step implementation plan for conducting an experiment according to the experimental design.
External data	External data reveals to data which originate from sources external to the CCAM project.
Failure	Failure means the termination of an intended behaviour of a component or a system of the ADS due to a fault manifestation. Termination can be permanent or transient.
Failure cause	Failure cause is the circumstances during design, manufacture or use which have led to a failure.
Fault	Fault means an abnormal condition that can cause a failure. This can concern hardware or software.
Fault mode	Fault mode is one of the possible states of a faulty product for a given required function.
Field experiment	A field experiment is a series of test runs or drives in real-world environment, either on real roads or on test tracks to collect data in relation to a research question.
Field operational tests	Field operational tests are large-scale testing programmes aiming at a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency, quality, robustness and acceptance of ICT solutions used for smarter, safer and cleaner and more comfortable transport solutions, such as navigation and traffic information, advanced driver assistance – and cooperative systems.
Filtering	Filtering is the selection of datapoints based on defined criteria.
Fleet vehicle	Fleet vehicle is an equipped vehicle which is part of a collection of vehicles owned or operated by a common entity, public or private.
Forward collision warning	Forward collision warning is the vehicle system that uses sensors and computer processing to detect when the vehicle might collide with an object in its path and provides warnings for the human driver to prompt avoiding action.
Free-floating	Free-floating is the transport service network model where the transport service may be initiated and terminated at any location meeting basic criteria.
Frequency	Frequency is the pace of data logging per time unit.
Full-trip feature	Full-trip feature refers to ADS features that operate a vehicle throughout complete trips.
Function	Function is the functional view series of actions or activities performed by a given object to achieve a goal.
Functional safety	Absence of unreasonable risk due to hazards caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E systems.
Functional scenario	Functional scenario is the scenario described in natural language on a conceptional level, in general without specific physical values.
Goods logistics	The goods logistics impact area addresses the efficiency, effectiveness, and adaptability of the CCAM system or service under study by examining how automated and connected technologies optimize the commercial activity of transporting goods and related supply chain processes.
Goods transport pattern	Goods transport pattern refers to mode choice, route choice and choice of timing of transport.
Growth and employment	The growth and employment impact area addresses implications on economic development and labor dynamics of the CCAM system or service under study by examining its influence on overall economic growth, employment trends, job market evolution, and workforce skill requirements.
Harm	Harm is physical injury or damage to the health of persons.
Hazard	Hazard is potential source of harm caused by malfunctioning behaviour of the item.
Hazard analysis and risk assessment	Hazard analysis and risk assessment is method to identify and categorize hazardous events of items and to specify safety goals and ASILs related to the prevention or mitigation of the associated hazards in order to avoid unreasonable risk.
Hazardous event	Hazardous event is the combination of a hazard (caused by malfunctioning behaviour of an item with respect to its design intent) and a specific operational situation.
Human-machine interaction	Human-machine interaction refers to the two-way communication between a person and a system including the possible effects on the human performance.
Human-machine interface	Human-machine interface is human-machine interaction mechanism, including the set of inputs, outputs, and dialogue procedures.
Illumination	Illumination or lighting is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight.
Impact area	An impact area is defined as a field of study addressed under impact assessment activities.
Impact assessment	Impact assessment is the evaluation addressing the broader implications of the CCAM systems or services and their use on people and society.
Indicator	Indicator is a measure or metric used to assess an aspect in the current condition.
Information	Information refers to processed, organized or structured data, or data that has been given a semantic load, or a value under a certain business domain.
Infrastructure support levels for automated driving	Infrastructure support levels for automated driving are five infrastructure (ISAD) classes designed based on multiple potential dimensions.
Intelligent speed assistance	Intelligent speed assistance is a driver assistance system uses a speed sign-recognition video camera and/or GPS-linked speed limit data to advise drivers of the current speed limit and automatically limit the speed of the vehicle as needed.
Intelligent transport system	Intelligent transport system is the transport systems in which advanced information, communication, sensor and control technologies, including the internet, are applied to increase safety, sustainability, efficiency and comfort.
Intent-sharing cooperation	Intent-sharing cooperation (CLASS B) refers to information about planned future actions of the sending entity provided by that entity for potential utilization by receiving entities. (“This is what I plan to do.”)
Interoperability	Interoperability is the ability to share information among heterogeneous applications and systems.
Intersection	Intersection is a junction where two or more roads converge, diverge, meet or cross at the same height.
In-service monitoring	In-service monitoring means data collected by the manufacturer and data from other sources, to get evidence on the in-service safety performance of the ADS in the field.
In-service reporting	In-service reporting means data reported by the manufacturer to demonstrate evidence on the in-service safety performance of the ADS in the field.
In-vehicle driver	In-vehicle driver is the driver that performs the dynamic driving task using the vehicle’s built-in input devices to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle.
In-vehicle fallback-ready user	In-vehicle fallback-ready  user is a fallback-ready user of a conventional vehicle with an engaged Level 3 ADS feature who is seated in the driver’s seat.
ITS application	ITS application is the instantiation of an ITS service that involves an association of two or more complementary ITS-S application processes.
ITS component	ITS component is the physical object that has been assigned one or more functional objects in the provision of one or more ITS services.
ITS service	ITS service is the functionality provided to users of intelligent transport systems designed to increase safety, sustainability, efficiency, and/or comfort.
ITS station	ITS station is the entity in a communication network capable of communicating with other similar entities.
ITS-G5 802.11p	ITS-G5 is the communications standard for supporting vehicle-to- vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications in an ad hoc network based on IEEE 802.11-2012 and ANSI/IEEE Std 802.2.
Junction	Junctions are areas on the map where two or more roads meet, and  it is the intersection that allows travellers to change roads.
Justice	Justice is long-term equity.
Key performance indicator	Key Performance Indicators are critical Performance Indicators that reflect the most significant outcomes related to the primary objectives of the study.
Key performance indicator definition	Key performance indicator (KPI) definition is a part of the evaluation plan on the metrics with which we will answer the research questions.
Land use	The land use impact area addresses the spatial and functional implications of the CCAM system or service under study by examining its effects on urban and rural space allocation, infrastructure development, and changes in land utilization patterns.
Lane	Lane is the portion of road reservation intended to accommodate a single line of moving material entities along its length. Example: traffic lane, cycle lane, and sidewalk.
Lane centring	Lane centring is the vehicle system that uses cameras or other inputs and systematic controls to help the vehicle stay in the centre of the driven lane.
Lane count	Lane count refers to the number of lanes of the road.
Lane departure warning	Lane departure warning is vehicle system that uses cameras or other inputs to detect impending lane exceedances by the vehicle and provide visual, auditory or haptic feedback to the human driver.
Lane keeping assist	Lane keeping assistance is vehicle system that uses cameras or other inputs and systematic controls to direct the vehicle away from the edges of the driven lane.
Lane marking	A mark or patten of marks delimiting the lanes of the road. They also determine the direction and crossing restrictions.
Lane width	The width of the road from the marked centerline to the edge marking if present or the edge of the road surfacing material.
Large scale demonstrations	Large scale demonstrations refer to real life tests of novel solutions to actual ‘problem’ driven by strong partnership and strategic use of resources.
Level 0	Level 0 refers to the level of automation when there is no driving automation.
Level 1	Level 1 refers to the level of automation with driver assistance.
Level 2	Level 2 refers to the level of automation with partial driving automation.
Level 3	Level 3 refers to the level of automation with conditional driving automation.
Level 4	Level 4 refers to the level of automation with high driving automation.
Level 5	Level 5 refers to the level of automation with full driving automation.
Lifetime of the ADS	Lifetime of the ADS means the period of time during which the ADS system is available on the vehicle.
Lifecycle of the ADS	Lifecycle of the ADS means the period of time that consists of the design, development, production, field operation, service and decommissioning phases.
Liveability	The livability impact area is a comprehensive and holistic assessment of the CCAM system or service under study, synthesizing indicators from all the other impact areas to form a cohesive evaluation of their collective influence on the degree to which the area under study is suitable or good for living in.
Living lab	Living lab refers to user-centered, open innovation ecosystems based on systematic user co-creation approach, integrating research and innovation processes in real-life communities and settings. They operate as intermediaries among citizens, research organisations, companies, cities and regions for joint value co-creation, rapid prototyping or validation to scale up innovation and businesses.
Location	Location is the particular place or position.
Location referencing	Location referencing is the process used to develop a spatial reference.
Location segment	Location segment corresponds to a location where any specific condition are met, usually during a specific time (but not necessarliy).
Logical scenario	Logical scenario is the scenario described with the inclusion of parameters, where the values of some of the parameters are defined as ranges.
Logistics	Logistics is the careful organization of a complicated activity so that it happens in a successful and effective way, with regard to CCAM it is often referring to logistics of goods.
Malfunctioning behaviour	Malfunctioning behaviour means a failure or unintended behaviour of a component or a system of the ADS with respect to its design intent.
Manoeuver-based feature	Manoeuver-based feature is a driving automation system feature equipped on a conventional vehicle.
Manoeuvre	Manoeuvre is the series of actions executed by an actor in order to achieve a specific goal or outcome.
Map provision system	Map provision system is the ITS map provision system support system that provides map databases used to support ITS services.
Message	Message is a well-structured set of data elements and data frames that can be sent as a unit between devices to convey some semantic meaning in the context of pre-defined applications.
Metadata	Metadata is defined as ‘data that describe properties of other data, in the form of information about its origin, purpose, version, type of content, or any other information that may data storage, interpretation and reuse, consumption, or processing’.
Measure	Measure refers to a number marked in standard unit, quantified in a numeric value and the specific unit.
Minimal risk condition	Minimal risk condition means stable and stopped state of the vehicle that reduces the risk of a crash.
Minimal risk manoeuvre	Minimal risk manoeuvre means a manoeuvre aimed at minimising risks in traffic by stopping the vehicle in a safe condition, for example, minimal risk conditions.
Mobility app	Mobility app is the ITS-S application implementation designed to assist an individual transport consumer in understanding transport-related information, making decisions, and/or acting upon decisions.
Mobility as a service	Mobility as a service is a concept envisioning integrated mobility where travelers can access multiple transportation modes over a single digital interface.
Modelling	Modelling is the creation of a representation of a system or process for analyzing and predicting its behavior and attributes.
Monitor	Monitor is a general term describing a range of functions involving real-time human or machine sensing and processing of data used to operate a vehicle, or to support its operation.
Monitor the user	Monitor the user is the activities and/or automated routines designed to assess whether and to what degree the user is performing the role specified for him/her.
Moped	Moped is the two-wheeled or three-wheeled motor-driven vehicle with a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km/h.
Motorcycle	Motorcycle refers to two-wheeled motor-driven vehicle, or three-wheeled motor-driven vehicle whose unladen weight does not exceed 800 kg, excluding mopeds as defined in ISO 3833.
Multimodal travel information	Multimodal travel information is information derived from any static or dynamic travel and traffic data, or both, for users and end-users, through any communication means, covering at least two modes of transport and allowing the possibility to compare transport modes.
Navigation app	Navigation app is the mobility app that assists a transport user to determine the best route to a destination.
Navigation data dtandard	Navigation data dtandard is a worldwide standard for map data in autonomous eco-systems. The specification covers the data model, storage format, interfaces, and protocols.
Near-miss	Near-miss refers to an incident in which a security incident is narrowly avoided, either by chance or through deliberate action.
Network model	Network model is the infrastructure framework for the agreement between a service provider and a user.
Normal operation	Normal operation means the ADS operation within specified operational limits and conditions to perform the designed activity.
Object and event detection and response	Object and event detection and response refers to the subtasks of the dynamic driving task that include monitoring the driving environment (detecting, recognizing, and classifying objects and events and preparing to respond as needed) and executing an appropriate response to such objects and events.
On-board unit	An on-board unit is a vehicle mounted V2X device used to transmit and receive a variety of message traffic to and from other V2X devices (other OBUs and RSUs). Among the message types and applications supported by this process are vehicle safety messages used to exchange information on each vehicle’s dynamic movements for coordination and safety, a primary subject of this standard.
ODD attributes	ODD attributes refer to the attributes of an ODD of an ADS.
On-board operator	On-board operator means, where applicable to the automated driving system safety concept, a person located inside the fully automated vehicle.
Operational design domain	Operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function.
Operational domain	Operational domain is the set of operating conditions, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.
Operational driving task	Operational driving task refers to dynamic driving task that involves split-second reactions that can be considered pre-cognitive or innate.
Operational functions of the DDT	Operational functions of the DDT means functions delivered over a time constant of milliseconds and which include tasks such as steering inputs to keep within a lane or braking to avoid an emerging hazard.
Operational safety	Operational safety means the absence of unreasonable risk under the occurrence of hazards resulting from functional insufficiencies of the intended functionality (e.g. false/missed detection), operational disturbances (e.g. environmental conditions like fog, rain, shadows, sunlight, infrastructure) or by reasonably foreseeable misuse/errors by the vehicle occupants and other road users (i.e. safety hazards – without system faults).
Operational services	Operational services refer to activities required for the ongoing and effective management of a system. In this contect it encompasses the development and implementation of services that support the deployment, maintenance, and optimization of automated vehicles and their associated technologies.
Other ITS	Other ITS is the ITS implementations that are connected to each other via a communications networks, but do not require connections to the C-ITS environment in order to perform their normal functions, although they may connect to the C-ITS environment for the beneficial exchange of data.
Peer-to-peer mobility sharing app	Peer-to-peer mobility sharing app is the mobility app that assists a transport user in acquiring transport service from an individual that participates in the mobility app’s network.
Particulates	Particulates refer to obscuration by non-precipitating water droplets and other particulates.
Passenger	Passenger is a user in a vehicle who has no role in the operation of that vehicle.
Passenger car	Passenger car refers to vehicle designed and constructed primarily for the carriage of persons and their luggage, their goods, or both, having not more than a seating capacity of eight, in addition to the driver, and without space for standing passengers.
Pedestrian	Pedestrian refers to person who is travelling on foot.
Performance indicator	Performance Indicator is a type of Indicator that assesses specific aspects related to the objectives of the study.
Personal mobility	The personal mobility impact area addresses how the CCAM system or service under study influences individuals’ movement capabilities and choices by examining the effects on availability, quality, and cost of mobility options, and their accessibility and suitability for diverse populations.
Pilot	Pilot refers to a project serving as an experimental or trial undertaking prior to full-scale operation or use.
Process	Process is the functional view process series of one or more functions in support of an ITS service.
Prescriptive cooperation	Prescriptive cooperation (CLASS D) refers to the direction of specific action(s) to specific traffic participants for imminent performance of the DDT or performance of a particular task by a road operator (e.g., changing traffic signal phase), provided by a prescribing CDA device agent(s) and adhered to by a receiving CDA device agent(s). (“I will do as directed.”)
Proving ground	A proving ground is a predetermined area, designed to test various functions for ADS-equipped vehicles, and is a local testbed to pilot and validate.
Public road testing	Public road testing refers to open environment where ADS-equipped vehicle have interaction with other road users, like automated or non-automated vehicles.
Public transport	Public transport is the transport service that is publicly accessible enabling the movement of one or more persons. Example 1: Bus, tram, cable car, metro, train and ferry are examples of public transport means for collective use. Example 2: Publicly-accessible shared cars, shared bikes and shared el-scooters are examples of public transport means for shared and individual use.
Public transport app	Public transport app is the  mobility app that assists a transport user  in using a public transport system.
Quality of life	The quality of life impact area addresses the holistic effects of the CCAM system or service under study on individuals’ subjectively experienced or evaluated physical, mental, social, and financial well-being by integrating indicators for travel behavior, access to essential services and activities, safety, and overall life satisfaction.
Range	Range refers to the range of detection of a system.
Real-life operation	Real-life operation refer to application of a technology (e.g. automated vehicles) in the context of the actual environment they are designed to operate within.
Real-time traffic information	Real-time traffic information is information derived from any data on the infrastructure, data on regulations and restrictions, data on the state of the network and data on the real-time use of the network, or the combination thereof.
Real-time traveller information app	Real-time traveller information app is the mobility app that provides information about current travel conditions to a transport user.
Record	A record, is a collection of all the facts, attribute values combined into one row of data in a table, and sometimes referred to as a tuple in some, particularly older, database management systems.
Reference point	A reference point is a complete set of values for latitude – longitude – and height above the reference ellipsoid which is used as an initial starting point for subsequent orthogonal offset X, Y, Z values from that point. All roadway geometry, maps of intersections, lane and curve descriptions, and other geometrical data that are encoded in this standard use a system of local reference points to index and offset the data that follows. Also called an anchor point.
Remote assistant	Remote assistant is a human(s) who provides remote assistance to an ADS-equipped vehicle in driverless operation.
Remote capabilities	Remote capabilities mean capabilities specifically designed to support remote intervention.
Remote driver	Remote driver is the driver that performs the dynamic driving task without using the vehicle’s built-in input devices to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle.
Remote driving	Remote driving is the real-time performance of part or all of the DDT and/or DDT fallback (including, real-time braking, steering, acceleration, and transmission shifting), by a remote driver.
Remote fallback-ready user	Remote fallback-ready user is a fallback-ready user of a Level 3 ADS-equipped vehicle in driverless operation who is not in the driver’s seat.
Remote functionality	Remote functionality refers to the ability to control and monitor automated vehicles from a remote location. This functionality is necessary for safety, operational efficiency, and vehicle management if a driver is not seated in the vehicle.
Remote intervention operator	Remote intervention operator means, where applicable to the ADS safety concept, person(s) located outside the fully automated vehicle who may remotely achieve the tasks of the on-board operator provided it is safe to do so.
Remote operator	Remote operator is the person(s) located outside the vehicle who performs Remote driving.
Remote surveillance	Remote surveillance rrefers to the practice of monitoring and observing of vehicles with autonomous driving functions and their surroundings from a remote location using various technologies. This surveillance is typically performed to ensure the safety, security, data collection and proper functioning of the automated mobility system.
Research questions	Research questions are questions that the evaluation is designed to answer.
Residual risk	Residual risk refers to risk remaining after the deployment of safety measures.
Response time	Response time refers to the time taken by a road user or a system to react to a given event.
Rideshare service	Rideshare service refers to cooperative shared transport service that transports passengers concurrently.
Ridesourcing app	Ridesourcing app is the P2P mobility sharing app for acquiring a ridesourced service.
Ridesourced service	Ridesourced service refers to the commercial, peer-to-peer shared transport service that transports passengers.
Ridesplit service	Ridesplit service is the ridesourced service that serves passengers concurrently.
Risk	Risk is the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.
Risk factor	Risk factor is the factor or condition of a scenario that, if present, increases either the probability of the occurrence of harm, or the severity of harm, or both.
Road	Road is the curvilinear length of roadway that shares the same identification.
Road network	Road network is the interconnected collection of roads.
Road operator	Road operator refers to a traffic participant who provides, operates and maintains the roadways and supporting infrastructure that enable and support the mobility needs of road users.
Road reservation	Road reservation is the easement area legally reserved for road transport purposes and support.
Road safety-related minimum universal traffic information	Road safety-related minimum universal traffic information is any extracted, aggregated and processed road safety-related traffic data, offered by public and/or private road operators and/or service providers to end users through any delivery channel.
Road user	Road user is the something which uses a road to travel.
Road vehicle	Road vehicle is the vehicle meeting the requirements to operate within the driving space of a road.
Roadside	Roadside is the portion of the road reservation excluding all roadway and driving space(s).
Roadside unit	A roadside unit is a V2X device used to transmit to, and receive from, V2X-equipped moving vehicles (OBUs). The RSU transmits from a fixed position on the roadside (which may be either a permanent installation or “temporary” equipment brought on-site for a period of time associated with an incident, road construction, or other event). Some RSUs have the ability to transmit signals with greater power than OBUs and some may have connectivity to other nodes or the Internet.
Roadway	Roadway is part of the surface of the road reservation primarily designed for the movement of vehicles that conform to a specified set of requirements.
Roundabout	Roundabout is a special type of junction at which traffic moves in one direction round a central island to reach one of the roads converging on it.
Run-trial	Test Run-trial is a test instance that includes at least one test or driving scenario. It can be repeated within one experiment several times – also with slightly changing the setting (parameter, test person etc.). It is comparable to trip, but typically more commonly used in the context of test track, simulation or simulator test. In contrast, trip is often used in the context of pilot or NDS / FOT and typically includes more driving scenarios.
SAE taxonomy of driving automation	SAE taxonomy of driving automation describes the level of automation consisting of six discrete and mutually exclusive levels.
Safe state	Safe state is the operating mode, in case of a failure, of an item without an unreasonable level of risk.
Safety	The safety impact area addresses how the CCAM system or service under study influences traffic safety by examining the change in the number of fatalities, injuries, and accidents.
Safety architecture	Safety architecture refers to the set of elements and their interaction to fulfil the safety requirements.
Safety driver	Safety driver is the person at the controls within an automated vehicle, observing the driving environment, enforcing  the operational design domain, recognising challenging situations, detecting deviations from expected behaviour and ready and able to deliver the dynamic driving task when needed in order to preserve safety during development, testing or trial activities, in accordance with the safety case.
Safety measure	Safety measure refers to activity or technical solution to avoid or control systematic failures and to detect or control random hardware failures, or mitigate their harmful effects.
Safety mechanism	Safety mechanism refers to technical solution implemented by  electrical and/or electronic (E/E) functions or elements, or by other technologies, to detect and mitigate or tolerate faults or control or avoid failures in order to maintain intended functionality or achieve or maintain a safe state.
Safety of the intended functionality	Safety of the intended functionality is the absence of unreasonable risk due to hazards resulting from functional insufficiencies of the intended functionality or from reasonably foreseeable misuse by persons.
Safety operator	Safety operator refers to the person at the controls within an automated vehicle, observing the driving environment, enforcing  the operational design domain, recognising challenging situations, detecting deviations from expected behaviour and ready and able to deliver the dynamic driving task when needed in order to preserve safety during development, testing or trial activities, in accordance with the safety case.
Safety validation	Safety validation refers to assurance, based on examination and tests, that the safety goals are adequate and have been achieved with a sufficient level of integrity.
Sample rate	Number of data samples per time unit.
Sampling	Sampling is the selection of a subset of datapoints from a statistical population (consisting of individuals or events of interests) to estimate characteristics of the population.
Sand box	Sand box generally refers to regulatory tools allowing to test (e.g. automated vehicles) and experiment with new and innovative products, services or businesses under supervision of a regulator for a limited period of time.
Scenario	A scenario is a structured depiction, specified by a set of pre-determined conditions and variables, representing actual or theoretical states, situations, or interactions.
Scenario	Scenario means a sequence or combination of situations used to assess the safety requirements for an ADS.
Scenario instance	A scenario instance represents a single segment in time that is assigned to a certain scenario.
Scene	Scene is the snapshot of all entities including, but not limited to the automated driving system (ADS)/ subject vehicle, scenery, dynamic environment, and all actors and observer’s self-representations, and the relationships between those entities.
Scenery element	Scenery element is the non-movable element of the ADS-equipped vehicle’s operating environment.
Service	Service is the provision of one or more capabilities, functionalities or facilities to enable one or more tasks to fulfil a need.
Services and operation	The services and operation impact area addresses how the CCAM system or service under study influences service delivery and operational practices by examining the changes in service dynamics, operational strategies, system interaction, and the financial structure of the services.
Severity	Estimate of the extent of harm to one or more individuals that can occur in a potentially hazardous event.
Shared transport service	Shared transport service is the transport service that relies upon the same resources to fulfil the transport needs of multiple unrelated transport users and where the transport provider has the primary responsibility for the operation of the transport mode.
Shared mobility	Shared mobility is the shared use of a travel mode that provides travelers with access to a transportation mode on an as-needed basis.
Shared vehicle service	Shared vehicle service is the transport service that sequentially provides the same vehicles to multiple unrelated transport users and where the transport user has the primary responsibility for the operation of the vehicle.
Shuttle service	Shuttle service is the shared transport service that transports passengers between two specified locations.
Sign	Sign refers to conveying information, an instruction, or a warning to road users.
Simulation	Simulation is evolution of a model of real-world processes or systems over time.
Situation	Situation is the scene from the perspective of an actor.
Situational variable	Situational variable is an aspect of surroundings (testing environment) that can unintentionally affect the results of a study.
Slope value	Slope value is the gradient of a surface that rises at an angle.
Small scale pilots	Small scale pilots refer to the limited, controlled, and experimental implementations conducted on a smaller scale before potential broader deployment or expansion. These pilots serve as preliminary tests to identify challenges, and gather valuable insights in a more manageable and controlled environment.
Societal scenario	Societal scenario describes the society envisioned in the Evaluation, including the technology and its use.
Socio-economic	The socio-economic impact area addresses the balance of economic and social outcomes of the CCAM system or service under study by integrating and quantifying its diverse impacts as benefits and costs to assess its societal and economic value.
Spatial reference	Spatial reference is the description of a spatial location in the real world according to a defined reference system. Example: Coordinate tuple: 51.476852, -0.000500.
Special purpose vehicle	Special purpose vehicle is a road motor vehicle designed for purposes other than the carriage of passengers or goods.
Special structure	Special structure are the elements of the road infrastructure that may affect the mobility of the users.
Speed value	Speed value refers to the rate at which the dynamic objects move or operate.
Stakeholder	Stakeholder is the individual, team, organization, or classes thereof, having an interest in a system.
Status-sharing cooperation	Status-sharing cooperation (CLASS A) refers to perception information about the traffic environment and information about the sending entity provided by the sending entity for potential utilization by receiving entities. (“Here I am, and here is what I see.”)
Station-based one-way	Station-based one-way is the operational mode where the transport service is initiated and terminated at two different facilities managed by the transport provider.
Station-based roundtrip	Station-based roundtrip is the operational mode where the transport service is initiated and terminated at the same facility managed by the transport provider.
Streaming data	Streaming data refers to real-time data continuously transferred from a data source and processed as soon as it arrives its destination.
Structural metadata	Structural metadata describe how the data are organized.
Study phase	Study phase is the particular stage or segment of a research study.
Subject vehicle	Subject vehicle refers to the automated vehicle, the behaviour of which is of primary interest in testing, trialling or operational scenarios.
Subjective data	Subjective data originates from the opinions of the research subject.
Sub-trip feature	Sub-trip feature is a driving automation system feature equipped on a conventional vehicle that requires a human driver to perform the complete DDT for at least part of every trip.
Supporting CDA feature	Supporting CDA feature refers to a CDA feature capable of promoting cooperation among traffic participants intended to augment performance of actions by road users and road operators.
Sustainability	The sustainability impact area concerns the holistic evaluation of the CCAM system or service under study, integrating indicators from all the other impact areas to assess its long-term contributions to environmental integrity, social well-being, and economic stability by examining its capacity to meet current needs while ensuring resource and opportunity availability for future generations.
System architecture	System architecture is the fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment embodied in its elements, relationships ) and in the principles of its design and evolution.
Tactical driving task	Tactical driving task refers to dynamic driving task which involves drivers or an ADS exercising manoeuvre control, allowing them to negotiate the directly prevailing circumstances.
Tactical functions of the DDT	Tactical functions of the DDT means functions delivered over a time constant of seconds and including tasks such as lane choice, gap acceptance and overtaking.
Takeover	Takeover is the process by which the sustained dynamic driving task function transitions either from a human driver to an automated driving system or from an automated driving system to a human driver.
Takeover request	Takeover request is the vehicle generated notification to indicate an imminent requirement for the human driver to perform some or all of the dynamic driving task.
Takeover time	Takeover time is the time between initiation of the takeover request and significant intentional intervention by the human driver.
Target operational domain	Target operational domain is the set of operating conditions in which an ADS will be expected to operate, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.
Taxi hailing app	Taxi hailing app is the mobility app that assists a transport user in electronically requesting a taxi.
Taxi service	Taxi service is the commercial shared transport service that transports passengers sequentially.
Taxi share service	Taxi-share service is the commercial shared transport service that transports passengers concurrently.
Technical evaluation	Technical evaluation is evaluation addressing technical functioning of the CCAM systems or services.
Temporary structure	Elements temporarily placed on the road due to local requirements or accidents and may obstruct or impact normal driving.
Test run	A test run is a test instance that includes at least one test or driving scenario.
Test scenario	Test scenario is the description of sequence of triggers, events and actions among use case entities (ego-vehicle, other traffic participants, etc.) in order to reach a use case goal.
Testing	Process of planning, preparing, and operating or exercising an item  or element to verify that it satisfies specified requirements, to detect safety anomalies, to validate that requirements are suitable in the given context and to create confidence in its behaviour.
Testing environment	Testing environment is a setup of software, hardware and network for the testing purposes.
Testing facility	Testing facility refers to dedicated location or environment specifically designed for assessing the performance, safety, and functionality of (automated) vehicles.
Testing infrastructure	Testing infrastructure refers to the system, tools, and resources required to conduct comprehensive assessments and evaluations of (automated) vehicles.
Time history data	Time history data describe the history of a measurement over time.
Time segment	Time segment corresponds to a time period when some specific conditions are met.
Time to collision	Time to collision means the time before a collision happens between involved vehicles/objects/subjects if their speeds would not change and taking into account their paths.
Traffic agent	Traffic agent is anyone who uses a road including sidewalk and other adjacent spaces.
Traffic and network performance	The traffic and transport network performance impact area addresses how the CCAM system or service under study influences the traffic flow and transport network efficiency and effectiveness by examining the changes in network robustness and reliability, flow dynamics, and overall transport system performance and responsiveness to travel demand.
Traffic density	Traffic density is the number of vehicles occupying a given length of a lane or roadway at a particular instant, often given in vehicles per kilometre.
Traffic dynamics	Traffic dynamics describes the interaction of many vehicles, drivers and other road users, leading to new collective effects that do not depend on the details of individuals. (Treiber and Kesting 2013). It is the outcome of individual decisions, actions, driving behaviour and driving dynamics.
Traffic efficiency	Traffic efficiency describes the delays on a road network.
Traffic flow rate	Road user who is more vulnerable to injury than a typical driver or passenger of a car, lorry, bus, or coach.
Traffic participant	Traffic participant refers to the entities whose actions influence travel in the transportation environment, which may include road users engaged in travel upon or across publicly accessible roadways and road operators.
Traffic scenario	Traffic scenario is a representation of the traffic and road infrastructure characteristics on a given segment.
Traffic volume	Traffic volume is the total number of vehicles passing over a given point or section of a lane or roadway during a given time interval. Any time interval can be used, but volumes are typically expressed in terms of annual, daily, hourly, or subhourly periods.
Transit vehicle	Transit vehicle is an equipped vehicle engaged in Transit operations, e.g., a bus.
Transport poverty	Transport poverty refers to a lack of adequate transport services necessary to access general services and work, or to the inability to pay for these transport services.
Transport service operator	Transport service operator means the entity providing a transport service using one or more fully automated vehicles.
Transport sharing	Transport sharing is the using a shared transport service.
Transport system	Transport system is a combination of elements and their interactions, which produce the demand for travel within a given area and the supply of transportation services to satisfy this demand.
Travel behaviour	Travel behaviour is the trips performed by an individual or a group of travellers, and what kind of trips they were and how they were performed. Such characteristics include, for example, the origins, destinations, routes, durations, timing and travel modes of trips.
Travel information service	Travel information service is an ITS service, including digital maps, that provides users, and end-users, with travel and traffic information of at least one transport mode.
Traveller	Traveller is the person who is headed to a destination.
Treatment	Treatment refers to the concept that you evaluate (CCAM solution in defined environment/context).
Trial	Trial refers to a test or experiment, usually over a limited period of time, to discover how effevtive or suitable something is or how well it works.
Trigger	Trigger is the event that initiates or ends an action.
Triggering condition	Specific conditions of a driving scenario that serve as an initiator for a subsequent system reaction possibly leading to a hazardous event.
Trip	Trip is the complete journey by a vehicle from the point  of origin to a destination.
Trip	A trip is a whole journey from passenger origin to passenger destination in one or more triplegs.
Trip aggregator app	Trip aggregator app is the mobility app that assists a transport user  in planning trips that may span multiple vehicle modes or transport providers.
Tripleg	A tripleg is a single stage of a trip that is made without change of mode or vehicle journey, for example, between each transfer.
Truck	Truck is a motor vehicle designed to transport goods, or equipment on-board the chassis.
Un-equipped vehicle	Un-equipped vehicle is a vehicle which is not equipped with an OBU device.
Unreasonable risk	Unreasonable risk means the overall level of risk for the vehicle occupants and other road users which is increased compared to a manually driven vehicle in comparable transportation services and situations within the operational design domain.
Use case	Use case is the abstract description of the interaction between a system, its user(s), and its environment in order to reach a particular goal.
User	User is a general term referencing the human role in driving automation.
User scenario	User scenario is a depiction that encapsulates users’ interactions with and experiences of the system or service.
User evaluation	User evaluation is evaluation addressing interaction of people with the CCAM system or service, covering their experiences, opinions, expectations and awareness.
Validation	Validation means by which it is proven beyond reasonable doubt that an end product meets its design intent and stated performance requirements.
Vehicle	Vehicle refers to motorized, wheeled conveyance that is mechanically propelled and intended or adapted for use on roads.
Vehicle occupant	Vehicle occupant is the person in or on a vehicle .
Vehicle sharing	Vehicle sharing is the using a shared vehicle service.
Vehicle-to-grid	Vehicle-to-grid is the plug-in electric vehicle interaction with the electric grid, including charging as well as discharging and bi-directional communication interface.
Vehicle-to-network	Vehicle-to-network is vehicle sharing data with Network.
Vehicle-to-pedestrian	Vehicle-to-pedestrian is vehicle sharing data with pedestrians.
Vehicle-to-everything	Vehicle-to-everything refers to wireless communication between a vehicle and any entity including other vehicles and infrastructure
Vehicle-to-infrastructure	Vehicle-to-infrastructure is unidirectional or bidirectional sharing of data between vehicle and infrastructure.
Vehicle-to-vehicle	Vehicle-to-vehicle is vehicle sharing data with other vehicles.
Vehicle type with regard to the ADS	Vehicle type with regard to the ADS means fully automated vehicles which do not differ.
Verification	Verification refers to evaluation of a system to prove that it meets all its specifications at a particular stage of its development.
Vulnerable road user	Road user who is more vulnerable to injury than a typical driver or passenger of a car, lorry, bus, or coach.
Weather	Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time as regards heat, cloudiness, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.
Well-being	Well-being is the experience of health, happiness, and prosperity.
Zones	Zones include special road configurations which may differ from typical conditions for driving, or areas with specific driving regulations or environmental conditions.